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42例苯丙酮尿症患儿早期诊断治疗与智能发育
【摘要】 目的 了解新生儿疾病筛查确诊、治疗的苯丙酮尿症(PKU)患儿的智能发育情况及与临床治疗的依从性关系。 方法 对1999~2009年经新生儿疾病筛查确诊为苯丙酮尿症的45例中的42例患儿分析其治疗情况,并选用Gesell发育量表对患儿的智能发育水平进行评估。 结果 45例PKU患儿2例放弃治疗、1例死亡、42例接受治疗;起始治疗年龄为25~269 d;生后40 d内起始治疗的患儿11例,无智能低下发生;起始治疗时间越早,患儿智能偏低和异常的比例越低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);家长态度完全配合治疗的占73.8.%(31/42),不配合治疗的占26.2%(11/42);完全配合治疗组患儿除适应性和语言发育低于正常儿童组得分,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)外,大运动、精细运动和个人-社交发育与正常儿童组比较,差异均无统计学意义; 不配合组患儿智能发育明显落后,5项观察项目与完全配合治疗组及正常组比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。 结论 新生儿疾病筛查是早期发现PKU患儿的有效方法;患儿起始治疗时间的早晚及家长配合治疗程度直接影响患儿治疗效果;若患儿能在生后1个月内治疗,同时家长给予配合,可以避免患儿智能水平低下的发生。
【关键词】 苯丙酮尿症; 新生儿; 疾病筛查; 智能发育
Mental development of 42 infants with phenylketonuria: a followup observation LI Zhuoying, WANG Wei. Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Heilongjiang Province, Neonatal Screening Center of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin 150008, China
【Abstract】 Objective To assess the effectiveness of treatment on mental development in 42 children with phenylketonuria. Methods Mental development of 42 children, diagnosed with phenylketonuria (PKU) during 1999 and 2009, was assessed with GESELL developmental schedules. Results Among the 45 cases diagnosed, two cases did not follow the recommended treatment and one child died. Among the other 42 cases, 11(73.8 %) children reached the normal development quotients (DQ). These 11 children started to receive treatment 40 days after birth. The earlier the treatment began, the lower proportion with low DQ the children had. The percentage of full compliance to the treatment reached to 73.8 %(31/42), and the remaining 26.2% (11/42) did not completely follow the treatment recommendation. The full compliance group had similar DQs as healthy children, except adaptive and language areas, and the non-full compliance group had lower scores in all five areas when compared with healthy children. Conclusion Early initiation of treatment and the compliance have direct impact on effectiveness of treatment of children with PKU.
【Key words】 Phenylketonuria (PKU); Newborn; Screening; Intelligence development
苯丙酮尿症(phenylketonuria,PKU)是常见的遗传性氨基酸代谢病。由于肝细胞苯丙氨酸羟化酶活性减低导致苯丙氨酸(phenylalanine,Phe)及其代谢产物在体内蓄积,从而影响中枢神经系统发育,引起患儿严重智能发育落后。新生儿疾病筛查可以早期诊断PKU,采用低苯丙氨酸饮食控制疗法可以进行PKU早期治疗。本文对黑龙江省经新生儿疾病筛查并确诊的PKU患儿的智能发育进行调查,了解PKU新生儿疾病筛查和早期治疗对患儿疾病预后的影响,并就起始治疗时间及治疗配合程度与智能发育水平的关系进行分析。
对象与方法